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Washington University Sentence Completion Test
The Washington University Sentence Completion Test is a sentence completion test created by Jane Loevinger to measure ego development along Loevinger's stages of ego development. The WUSCT is a projective test a type of psychometric test designed to measure psychic phenomenon by capturing a subject's psychological projection and measuring it in a quantifiable method. The test has been characterized as a good test for clinical use as it can measure across distinct psychopathologies and help in choosing treatment modalities; to this end, it is used by many clinical psychologists and psychiatrists.〔Weiss, D. S., Zilberg, N. J., & Genevro, J. L. (1989). Psychometric properties of Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test in an adult psychiatric outpatient sample. Journal of personality assessment, 53(3), 478-486.〕
==History==
Stated simply, ego development refers to the observation that people do not remain psychologically static throughout their lives; rather, they undergo a long process of internal evolution. As such, the concept itself is ancient in origin and has received some form of treatment in almost all systems of philosophy and all schools of psychology.
Loevinger conceived of an ego development system that would closely resemble moral development but be both broader in scope and utilize empirical methods of study.〔Loevinger, J. ''Paradigms of personality'' (1987) p. 222〕 Loevinger started by creating an objective test of mother's attitudes to problems in family life, which she christened the ''Family Problems Scale''.〔Loevinger, J. ''Paradigms of personality'' (1987) p. 222〕 This first test did not yield the expected results, but Loevinger noticed a strong similarity between the ''Authoritarian Family Ideology'' and the concept of authoritarian personality being developed at UC Berkeley in the early 1960s.〔Loevinger, J. ''Paradigms of personality'' (1987) p. 223〕 Loevinger noticed that the women who scored at the most extreme ends of the authoritarian scale also tended to be the most immature, endorsing items like "A mother should be her daughters best friend" while simultaneously endorsing punitive behavior. Additionally, she noted that a liberal, non-authoritarian personality was not the opposite of a high authoritarian personality. Rather, anomie, a disorganized and detached social style was the opposite of the high authoritarian, exhibiting a curvilinear relationship. Loevinger theorized that this was because the ''Authoritarian Family Ideology'' scale was not measuring just authoritarianism but some broader concept which weighed heavily upon all the other constructs she measured. By combining this theoretical framework with Sullivan and Grant's interpersonal maturity continuum, the concept of ego development was born.〔Loevinger, J. ''Paradigms of personality'' (1987) p. 224〕
While the WUSCT is a projective test, Loevinger wanted it to be as objective as possible and developed several unique rules regarding scoring. For example, every response must be scored even if it is incomplete or fragmentary. Loevinger found the WUSCT to be more sensitive than the previous ''Family Problems Scale'' and adopted it as her main measure of ego development, publishing the WUSCT in 1979.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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